On 20 January 1942, senior Nazi officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to coordinate what they called the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question.” Chaired by SS officer Reinhard Heydrich, the meeting brought together representatives from key government ministries, the SS, and Nazi Party offices to organize the systematic deportation and extermination of Europe’s Jewish population. By this time, mass shootings by mobile killing units were already taking place in Eastern Eur