A team of scientists has answered a long-standing question in cell biology, uncovering how the cell's main energy currency, ATP, is transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Disrupted energy ...

Enzyme kinetic data from the BRENDA database were mapped onto the genome-scale metabolic model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ...

The proton motive force (pmf) composed of the membrane potential and the proton gradient is utilized for ATP production by ATP synthase (Yoshikawa and Shimada ... in the proton pumping function of ...