Although they lost World War II, the Nazis were more technologically advanced than their Allied rivals in multiple ways. Berlin’s problem was scale—and trying to do too much with too few resources.

The post-war narrative of the German U-boat efforts follows several stages: the first “Happy Time,” followed by the second “Happy Time,” and then utter destruction by the Allies. In reality, the ...

While the Type XXI subs sank no ships, their potential terrified Allied navies, prompting intensified anti-submarine efforts. Although they lost World War II, the Nazis were more technologically ...