IN the course of chronic liver disease the development of portal hypertension and the subsequent formation of portal collateral circulation may permit certain nitrogen-containing substances in the ...

The incidence of encephalopathy with spontaneous shunting is difficult to determine because it frequently occurs in only a mild and intermittent form. In a recent review 12 of 237 surgical shunts, it ...

† As it is not ethical to arrange 'no treatment' in a controlled manner in clinical trials, no-treatment groups were given 'routine treatment' (supportive treatment); different routine treatments were ...

More than half of patients with sepsis show features of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, which may be the first manifestation of sepsis before admission to hospital and the intensive care unit ...

In the present report, we considered the number of patients with clinical efficacy as our primary outcome. Clinical efficacy was defined as disappearance of the HE clinical syndrome during the study ...