Arcadia is a village in Valley County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 311 at the 2010 census. Arcadia was platted in 1885 when it was certain that the railroad would soon be extended to that point. The name was apparently chosen by the postmaster, Sarah Coulter Hawthorne, in 1874 in reference to the wild roses which were commo…Arcadia is a village in Valley County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 311 at the 2010 census. Arcadia was platted in 1885 when it was certain that the railroad would soon be extended to that point. The name was apparently chosen by the postmaster, Sarah Coulter Hawthorne, in 1874 in reference to the wild roses which were common to the area as she mistakenly believed the name to mean "feast of flowers."